What is the magnetic field lines and the characteristics?

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What is the magnetic field lines and the characteristics? 2012-08-06

It will be defined as the magnetic field lines and magnetic flux density everywhere tangent line, the direction of magnetic induction intensity in the same direction with the magnetic field lines, its size is proportional to the density of magnetic field lines. Understand the basic characteristics of magnetic field lines is to seize and analyze the basis of the magnetic circuit.
Theory and practice both show that magnetic field lines have the following basic features:
1. Magnetic field lines are always starting from the N pole into the S-pole with its nearest neighbor and form a closed loop. This phenomenon is known as magnetic flux in the electromagnetic continuity theorem, described by the Maxwell equation: VB = 0 (4-1)
The style is also known as the magnetic field Gauss's law, that any divergence of the magnetic field is 0, namely, by an arbitrary closed surface of the net flux is always 0, magnetic field lines are always closed.
2. With the current is similar to magnetic field lines are always walking the smallest reluctance (magnetic permeability maximum) of the path, so magnetic field lines are usually linear or curve, there is no turning perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
3. Arbitrary magnetic field lines in the same direction between two mutually exclusive, so there is no magnetic field lines intersect.
4. When the ferromagnetic material is not saturated, the magnetic field lines are always perpendicular to the surface polarity of ferromagnetic materials. When the ferromagnetic material saturation, the magnetic field lines in the ferromagnetic material behavior and in the non-ferrous magnetic media (such as air, aluminum, copper, etc.) the same.
As the magnetic field lines have such basic features, so the magnetization state of the medium depends on the magnetic media properties and geometry. Clearly, in normal circumstances, the media are in a non-uniform magnetization state, that is usually within the magnetic media lines into the curves and the uneven distribution of the state; In addition, because in nature, although there is an insulator of electricity, but there is no magnetic insulator, makes the usual magnetic circuit magnetic flux leakage exists. Medium in a non-uniform magnetization state and the magnetic circuit of magnetic flux leakage exists these two features, it determines the precise calculation of the magnetic circuit is very complicated.

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