combine the operating principles of the reluctance instance variable with permanent magnet stepper motors. The rotor shaft has one or more pairs of layered sheets, the many teeth along its outer diameter. A permanent magnet between each laminated stack creates a pair of North and South poles along the motor shaft axis.
Conventional electric motors to rotate continuously rotate but stepper motors or step in fixed increments of angle. Includes a rotation of the engine under a certain number of steps by the number of teeth, engines, and used determines type of drive system for the control. This measurement, the so-called step angle or step resolution, can be run as a measurement or a certain number of steps. On the most common mentioned step resolution 1.8 ° / step or 200 steps / turn.
Compared with servo-motors, hybrid steppers have the advantage simple design, reliability and low maintenance costs, high torque at low engine speeds, and no need for position or speed feedback devices, robust. Comparative disadvantages are reduced torque at high speeds; Resonance and noise and high consumption of electricity. Where a precise positioning is a must, hybrid stepper best suit applications of stable loads and speeds under 1,000 U marked.
Torque and speed
Developers need to understand terms such as running torque, overturning moment, indent torque, top speed, and switching speed as part of the production design decisions. Engine torque is at a minimum, if the rotor half way from one step to the next position. This minimum determines the running torque, maximum torque of the engine running, as he can the steps slowly forward. Running torque is increasingly defined sometimes as the overturning moment at higher speeds. Turning on the engine loads, which is on their pull-out torque be out of step. The rotor skips a step instead of the progressive front and can even backwards a short distance turn. Skipped steps to destroy motor position accuracy.
A second torque value called the pull torque identify some motor data sheets. This is the maximum friction torque, the engine speed up to a stopped load on synchronous speed to overcome. Trying to accelerate faster with more torque than the nominal suit value will again make the rotor skip steps.
The maximum speed is the speed with which the available torque to zero falls, is defined. Resonance problems make it difficult to measure the maximum speed than torque prematurely decreases to zero.
Cutoff is the speed above which the torque begins to fall. If the engine below cutoff times the current speed, the rise and fall through the motor windings to occupy an insignificant fraction of the individual steps. Where the step cut-out speed duration is similar to the sum of the rise and fall times.
EINFLÃœSSE on running torque
The way of engine components incorporated affects the functionality, reliability and service life of the engine. The rotor receives a hybrid stepper motors specific benefits from the type and quality of the louvres, the sharpness of the teeth and magnetic materials.
Fins. Rotor stacks are typically up to 80 layers of silicon steel (consisting of two or four stack made), although this can vary. The longer the lamination, the higher the torque.
Traditional plates were either glued use of adhesives or pinned together. Innovative production processes now eliminate to promote secondary operations with adhesives or baking to manufacture in large quantities. A process involves the punched areas of each fin now locking during Assembly. To reduce thin insulation between every fin induced currents in order to minimize energy and improves the performance.
Teeth: The teeth of the rotor must be exactly on the teeth on the stator. Their corners need to be sharp to get maximum torque. For this reason, teeth are usually ground.
Magnets: Materials for hybrid steppers show magnet each their own special qualities, advantages and disadvantages. Requirements for the application to determine which magnetic material is right for the job.
AlNiCo magnets offer stable strength changes of temperature, but can dissolve entmagnetisiert of the group. Alternatively, you can also most hybrid stepper neodymium Iron Boron magnets. These magnets are stronger than AlNiCo but its strength varies more about extended temperature ranges.
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